([1]) للمزيد عن الحرب الأهلية التشادية، انظر: حسين عزو آدم، أثر الصراعات على الاستقرار السياسي في تشاد (1974-1990)، رسالة دکتوراه، قسم العلوم السياسية، کلية الاقتصاد والعلوم السياسية، جامعة أفريقيا العالمية، 2017، ص 90-175.
([1]) للمزيد عن شخصية جوکوني عويضي، أنظر: حسين عزو آدم، المرجع نفسه، هامش 2، ص 111.
([1]) للمزيد عن شخصية حسين حبري، أنظر: حسين عزو آدم، المرجع نفسه ، هامش 3، ص 112.
([1]) تمّ نشر هذه الدراسة في مجلة کلية اللغة العربية بأسيوط، جامعة الأزهر، العدد 39، الإصدار الثاني، ج5، 2020.
)[1])Frus 1977–1980, VOL. XVII, PART 3, North Africa, Briefing Memorandum From the Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs (Moose) to Secretary of State Muskie, Subject, Libyan Intervention in Chad—Information, November,20, 1980.
([1]) التقرير الاستراتيجي العربي لعام 1986، الصراع الليبي التشادي، مرکز الدراسات السياسية والاستراتيجية بالأهرام، القاهرة، 1987، ص 142.
)[1]( CIA-RDP88-01070R000200830004-3, Radio TV reports, INC. , Subject: the Situation in Chad,August15, 1983, see also, CIA-RDP90-00965R000807450001-0, Christian Science Monitor, Qaddafi pursues dual strategy in effort to expand Libya’s influence in Chad, 26 June 1985, CIA-RDP90-00965R0003008302640046-0, U.S. sees Chad as a portent of Qaddafi’s ambition, 19 August 1983.
)[1]( Ali , S. Amjad, war – torn Chad – cockpit of international rivalry, Pakistan Horizon , Third Quarter 1984, Vol. 37, No. 3 (Third Quarter 1984), p.30.
([1] )CIA-RDP86T01017R000201800001-9, directorate of Intelligence, Libya-Chad: Qadhafi's next moves, 27 January 1986, See also, The Associated Press, Hundreds arrested in Chad, 6 February 1982, The Associated Press, first U.S. supplies arrive, offensive readied, 25 July 1983.
)
[1] ( CIA-RDP90-00965R0003008302640046-0, U.S. sees Chad as a portent of Qaddafi’s ambition, 19 August 1983.
)[1] ( Taylor ,Jeffrey A., United States intervention: the case of Chad, Master of Arts, the faculty of the center for International Studies, Ohio University, PP.75,79, see also Fobanjong ,John, interventionary alliances in civil conflicts,, Ph.D., the Faculty of the department of political Science, The University of Arizona, 1989, p.150. ؛ انظر أيضًا: التقرير الإستراتيجي العربي لعام 1986، الصراع الليبي التشادي، مصدر سابق، ص 142.
)[1] (CIA-RDP86T01017R000201800001-9, directorate of Intelligence, Libya-Chad: Qadhafi's next moves, 27 January 1986.
)[1]( Fobanjong ,John, op.cit., 1989, pp.143, 144.
([1]) محمود عبدالرحمن الشيخ، ليبيا القذافي والعلاقات السودانية التشادية 1966-2011، دراسات أفريقية، جامعة أفريقيا العالمية، مرکز البحوث والدراسات الأفريقية، العدد 60، ديسمبر، 2018، ص 40.
([1]) المرجع نفسه، ص 40.
)[1]( Fobanjong ,John, op.cit., 1989, P. 143.
([1]) استندت ليبيا منذ عام 1951، إلى معاهدة لافال موسوليني 1935، بين فرنسا وإيطاليا، والتي تهدف إلى تسوية شاملة للنزاعات الحدودية الاستعمارية بين الجانبين في أفريقيا، ورغم أن هذه المعاهدة لم يتم اعتمادها من قبل الجمعيتين الوطنيتين في کلتا الدولتين الاستعماريتين فإن الاستناد عليها ظل عنصرًا ثابتًا في السياسة الخارجية الليبية خلال العهد الملکي أو بعد ثورة سبتمبر 1969، وکان هذا الشريط الحدودي يطلق عليه قطاع أوزو، استغلت ليبيا الحرب الأهلية التشادية، واحتلت هذا القطاع عام 1973، ونظرًا لعدم ردّ فعل من قوى الحکومة المرکزية في أنجمينا، بسب الصراع بين الأطراف التشادية، اعتقدت طرابلس أن ضمّ المنطقة من حقها الشرعي؛ لذا کان قطاع أوزو سبًبا في حرب 1987- 1988 بين القوات التشادية والليبية، وفي فبراير 1994، أصدرت محکمة العدل الدولية حکمها في قضية قطاع أوزو حيث أقرّت بسيادة تشاد على المنطقة. انظر: أسامة عبدالتواب محمد عبدالعظيم، المواجهة الفرنسية الليبية في تشاد 1981-1984، المجلة العلمية، کلية اللغة العربية بأسيوط، جامعة الأزهر، العدد 39، الإصدار الثاني، ج5، 2020، ص 4086.؛ أيضًا: موجز سياسي حول أفريقيا، نيروبي / بروسکل، 23 مارس 2010، هامش 27، 40، ص 7،5.
([1]) للمزيد عن فيليکس مالوم، أنظر: حسين عزو آدم، مرجع سابق، هامش 4، ص 144.
)
[1]) The
New York Times, Senator tower backs U.S. military support for Chad, 8 Aug 1983: A.6.
([1]) أسامة عبدالتواب محمد عبدالعظيم، المواجهة الفرنسية الليبية في تشاد 1981-1984، مجلة کلية اللغة العربية بأسيوط، جامعة الأزهر، العدد 39، الإصدار الثاني،2020، جـــ5، ص4089.
([1]) المرجع نفسه، نفس الصفحة.
([1]) حسين عزو آدم، مرجع سابق، ص 175 .
)[1] (The Xinhua General Overseas News, France opposes Libyan intervention in Chad, 25 June, 1983, See Also, the Associated Press, Hundreds arrested in Chad, 6 February 1982, Taylor ,Jeffrey A., Op.cit., P.20, The New York Time, U.S. is considering logistical support for force in Chad, 12 Nov 1981, P. A.1 .
)[1] ( BBC Summary of world broadcasts, preparation by western propaganda for US interference in Chad, 7 January 1981.
)[1] ( Ibid.
)[1]( BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, Washington provoking tension on Chad – Sudan border,23 October 1981.
)[1] (Ibid.
)[1]( BBC Summary of world broadcasts, preparation by western propaganda for US interference in Chad, 7 January 1981.
)[1] (BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, Washington provoking tension on Chad – Sudan border,23 October 1981.
)[1] ( BBC Summary of world broadcasts, preparation by western propaganda for US interference in Chad, 7 January 1981.
([1]) أسامة عبدالتواب محمد عبدالعظيم، مرجع سابق، ص 4089.
)[1]) The New York Times, U.S. is considering logistical support for force in Chad, 12 Nov 1981.
)[1] ( BBC of world Broadcasts, CIA’s intention of destabilizing situation in Africa, 4 February 1981.
)[1]( The Associated Press, CIA Supplied Arms, Training To Rebel Forces: Network, June 28, 1983.
)[1]) Ali, S. Amjad, Op.Cit., p.30.
)[1] (BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, Washington provoking tension on Chad – Sudan border,23 October 1981.
)[1]) The Associated Press, CIA Supplied Arms, Training To Rebel Forces: Network, June 28, 1983.
)[1]( BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, Washington provoking tension on Chad – Sudan border,23 October 1981.
(
[1]) محمود عبدالرحمن الشيخ، مرجع سابق، ص 47، انظر أيضًا: The New York Times, U.S. is considering logistical support for force in Chad,
12 Nov 1981.
)[1] (Anderson , Lisa , Libya and American Foreign Policy , Middle East Journal , Vol. 36, No. 4 (Autumn, 1982), p.529. ؛ انظر أيضًا: حسين عزو آدم، مرجع سابق، ص 176.
([1]) United Press International, Civil war flares again in Chad, 12 November 1981.
)[1]) CIA-RDP84B00049R001303150021-1, Topic for Discussion at DCI Breakfast Meeting with Secretary Weinberger on 13 November 1981, situation in Eastern Chad.
([1]) حسين عزو آدم، مرجع سابق، ص 176.
)[1]( The Associated Press, U.S. hails Chad’s demand Libyans withdraw, 30 October 1981.
)[1](Ali , S. Amjad, Op.Cit.,p.28.
)
[1]) The New York Times, U.S. is considering logistical support for force in Chad,
op.cit.
)
[1] ( United Press International, Civil war flares again in Chad,Op.Cit., See Also, the The New York Times, U.S. is considering logistical support for force in Chad,
Op.Cit.
)[1](The Associated Press, U.S. may help peace keeping force in Chad, 18 November 1981.
)
[1] ( United Press International, Civil war flares again in Chad, Op.Cit., See Also, the The New York Times, U.S. is considering logistical support for force in Chad, Op.Cit.
)[1]( The Associated Press, Hundreds arrested in Chad, 6 February 1982, see also, Taylor ,Jeffrey A., Op. Cit., P.21 .
)[1]( FCO 93_2991,Libyan-Chadian Relations, Statement by the People’s Bureau for Foreign Liaison, Subject: presence of American elements among African Peace Keeping in Chad, Jana -65, 27 Jan,1982,
)[1]( FCO 93_2991,Libyan-Chadian Relations, Memorandum from British Embassy Tripoli to Chanceries, Paris, Washington, Subject: Libya - Chad, 1 February,1982.
)[1]( FCO 93_2991,Libyan-Chadian Relations, Memorandum from west African Department, to Chanceries Lagos, Khartoum, Tripoli, Paris, Washington, Subject: Chad, Confidential, 8 June,1982.
)[1]( Powell, Nathaniel K., France's Wars in Chad: Military Intervention and Decolonization in Africa,Cambridge University Press, 2021, P.309, See also, Ali , S. Amjad, Op.Cit.,p.28.
)[1]( The Associated Press, Hundreds arrested in Chad, 6 February 1982.
)[1]( FCO 93_2991,Libyan-Chadian Relations, United Nations , Nations Unies, 12 May,1982.
)[1] ( The Associated Press, Hundreds arrested in Chad, 6 February 1982.
)[1]( FCO 93_2991,Libyan-Chadian Relations, Telegram from Paris to Routine FCO , Subject: Chad, Confidential,No.58, 15 January,1982.
)[1]( Ali , S. Amjad, op. cit., p.30.
)
[1]( The Associated Press, CIA Supplied Arms, Training To Rebel Forces: Network, June 28, 1983, See also, The Associated Press, Chad President Seeking Arms and Men to Replace OAU Force,
March 9, 1982.
)[1](CIA-RDP90-00965R0003008302640046-0, U.S. sees Chad as a portent of Qaddafi’s ambition, 19 August 1983.
)
[1]( The Associated Press, CIA Supplied Arms, Training To Rebel Forces: Network, Op.Cit., See also, The Associated Press, Chad President Seeking Arms and Men to Replace OAU Force,
March 9, 1982.
)
[1]( The New York Time,U.S. is considering logistical support for force in Chad,op.cit.
)[1]( FCO 93_2991,Libyan-Chadian Relations, Memorandum from A.F. Goulty Washington to R.O. Milles Nenad FCO , Subject: Libya - Chad, Confidential, 25 May,1982.
([1]) حسين عزو آدم، مرجع سابق، ص 176.
)[1] (Powell, Nathaniel K., op.cit., P.309, see also, Ali , S. Amjad, op.cit., 29.
)[1]( Ali , S. Amjad, Op.cit., p.28.
([1]) حسين عزو آدم، مرجع سابق، ص 176.
)[1]( FCO 93_2991,Libyan-Chadian Relations, Memorandum from A.F. Goulty Washington to R.O. Milles Nenad FCO , Subject: Libya - Chad, Confidential, 25 May,1982,
)[1]( FCO 93_2991,Libyan-Chadian Relations, Memorandum from west African Department, to Chanceries Lagos, Khartoum, Tripoli, Paris, Washington, Subject: Chad, Confidential, 8 June,1982,
)[1] (Ali , S. Amjad, op.cit.,p.28, 29.
)[1]( FCO 93_2991,Libyan-Chadian Relations, Memorandum from A.F. Goulty Washington to R.O. Milles Nenad FCO , Subject: Libya - Chad, Confidential, 25 May,1982,
)[1]( Taylor ,Jeffrey A., Op. Cit., P.21.
([1]) حسين عزو آدم، مرجع سابق، ص 176،177.
([1]) FCO 93_2991,Libyan-Chadian Relations, Memorandum from British Embassy Tripoli to Priority FCO , Libya /Chad, Confidential, No.020/4, 26 September,1982.
)[1]( The Associated Press, CIA Supplied Arms, Training To Rebel Forces: Network, June 28, 1983.
)[1]( CIA-RDP84S00552R000100060003-1, Chad: the growing threat to Habre , Secret, February 1,1983.
)[1]( FCO 93_2991,Libyan-Chadian Relations, Tele Letter from British Embassy Tripoli to FCO, Chad, Confidential, Tripoli 157, Tl.34/3, 3November,1982.
)[1] ( CIA-RDP84S00552R000100060003-1, Chad: the growing threat to Habre , Secret, February 1,1983؛ انظر أيضًا: محمود عبدالرحمن الشيخ، مرجع سابق، ص 48.
)[1]( CIA-RDP84S00552R000100060003-1, Chad: the growing threat to Habre , Secret, February 1,1983.
)[1]( FCO 93_2991,Libyan-Chadian Relations, Report about Chad,No.020/4, 21 Nov.1982.
)[1](CIA-RDP84S00552R000100060003-1, Chad: the growing threat to Habre , Secret, February 1,1983, see also, FCO 93_2991, Subject: Chad ,confidential, No.388, 15 Nov.1982.
)[1]( CIA-RDP84S00552R000100060003-1, Chad: the growing threat to Habre , Secret, February 1,1983.
)[1]( FCO 93_2991,Libyan-Chadian Relations, Memorandum from British Embassy Tripoli to Priority FCO ,Confidential, No.388, 15 Nov.1982.
)[1]) FCO 93_2991,Libyan-Chadian Relations, Memorandum from British Embassy Tripoli to Priority FCO,Confidential, No.020/4, 21 Nov.1982.
)[1]( CIA-RDP84S00552R000100060003-1, Chad: the growing threat to Habre , Secret, February 1,1983.
)[1]( FCO 93_2991,Libyan-Chadian relations, Memorandum from the permanent mission of the Socialist People’s Libyan Arab Jamahiriya to the permanent and observer missions to the United Nations , New York , No. 8/25/4411,9 December 1982
)[1]( CIA-RDP84S00552R000100060003-1, Chad: the growing threat to Habre , Secret, February 1,1983, See Also, Facts on file World News Digest, Sudan claims Libyan coup plot: U.S. sees threat easing, 25 February 1983.
)[1] (Ali , S. Amjad, Op.Cit.,p.30.
)[1]) The Xinhua General Overseas News, France opposes Libyan intervention in Chad, 25 June, 1983.
)[1]( Ali , S. Amjad, Op.Cit.,p.30.
)
[1]( Human Rights Watch, enabling a dictator, the United States and Chad's Hissene Habre 1982-1990, Printed in the U.S.A, 2016, P.29.
)
[1] )Human Rights Watch, enabling a dictator, the United States and Chad's Hissene Habre 1982-1990, Printed in the U.S.A, 2016, P.29.
)[1]( The Associated Press, U.S. to provide emergency military aid to Chad, 19 July,1983,see also, The Human Rights Watch(HRW), op.cit., P.32,.
)
[1]( The Associated Press, U.S. to provide emergency military aid to Chad, op.cit., See also, The Human Rights Watch(HRW), enabling a dictator, the United States and Chad's Hissene Habre 1982-1990, Printed in the U.S.A, 2016, P.32,
New York Times, U.S. Military Aid to Chad, 20 July 1983,P. A.8.
)[1]( The Associated Press, first U.S. supplies arrive, offensive readied, 25 July 1983, see also, The New York Times, Chad gets first shipment of U.S., military aid, 26 July 1983.
)
[1] (
Facts on File World News Digest, Chad Charges Libyan Role in Rebel Offensive; U.S., France, Zaire Back Habre, July 22, 1983, see also, The Associated Press, first U.S. supplies arrive, offensive readied, 25 July 1983.
)[1](The New York Times, Chad gets first shipment of U.S., military aid, 26 July 1983.
)[1]( Ali , S. Amjad, op.cit., p.30.
)[1] (CIA-RDP85M00363R001102550013-8, Memorandum for the honorable George P. Shultz the Secretary of State, Secret, Subject, activities in support of Chad, the White House, August 1,1983.
)
[1] ( Le Monde, Washington accroît son aide à M. Hissène Habré qui a pu rentrer à N'Djamena alors que Tripoli intensifie ses bombardements, 06 août 1983,See Also, CIA-RDP88-01070R000200820010-7, ABC World News Tonight , Subject: Chad- Libya-U.S., France, 10 August,1983, The
New York Times, U.S. sending Awacs and F-15 fighters to support Chad , 7 Aug 1983: A.1, The
New York Times, rebels reported to gain in Chad, U.S. says the situation is serious, 6 Aug 1983.
)[1](CIA-RDP88-01070R0002004-4, ABC World News Tonight , Subject: Chad- Libya-U.S., 5 August,1983.
)
[1]( The
New York Times, rebels reported to gain in Chad, U.S. says the situation is serious, 6 Aug 1983.
)[1] (CIA-RDP88-01070R0002004-4, ABC World News Tonight , Subject: Chad- Libya-U.S., 5 August,1983.
)
[1]( The
New York Times, rebels reported to gain in Chad, U.S. says the situation is serious, 6 Aug 1983.
)[1]( Ibid.
)[1]( Chronology, Department of State Bulletin, vol. 83, no. 2079, (Oct. 1983), p. 84.
)
[1] ( The New York Times, U.S. is withdrawing aircraft it sent to help Chad
, 24 Aug 1983, A.9.
)
[1]( The
New York Times ,U.S. sending Awacs and F-15 fighters to support Chad , 7 Aug 1983: A.1.
)
[1]( The
New York Times, Senator tower backs U.S. military support for Chad, 8 Aug 1983: A.6.
)[1]( Ibid.
)[1]( Le Monde, Malentendu " Franco-Américain, 19 août 1983 .
)
[1] (CIA-RDP88-01070R000200830004-3, Radio TV reports, INC. , Subject: the situation in Chad,August15, 1983.
)[1]( Human Rights Watch, enabling a dictator, the United States and Chad's Hissene Habre 1982-1990, Printed in the U.S.A, 2016, P.30, see also, Ali , S. Amjad, war – torn Chad – cockpit of international rivalry, Pakistan Horizon , Third Quarter 1984, Vol. 37, No. 3 (Third Quarter 1984),p.30 .
)[1] (CIA-RDP88-01070R000200820010-7, ABC World News
Tonight , Subject: Chad- Libya-U.S., France, 10 August,1983.
)[1]( CIA-RDP88-01070R0002004-4, ABC World News Tonight , Subject: Chad- Libya-U.S., 5 August,1983.
)
[1] ( CIA-RDP85M00363R001102550014-7, Memorandum from AmEmbassy Paris to Secretary of State Washington, Secret, Subject: French military aid to Chad, 2 August,1983.
)[1] ( CIA-RDP85M00363R001102550014-7, Memorandum from AmEmbassy Paris to Secretary of State Washington, Secret, Subject: French military aid to Chad, 2 August,1983.
)
[1] (CIA-RDP88-01070R000200830004-3, Radio TV reports, INC. , Subject: the situation in Chad,August15, 1983.
)[1]( CIA-RDP85M00363R001102550014-7, Memorandum from AmEmbassy Paris to Secretary of State Washington, Secret, Subject: French military aid to Chad, 2 August,1983.
)[1]( CIA-RDP85M00363R001102550014-7, Memorandum from AmEmbassy Paris to Secretary of State Washington, Secret, Subject: French military aid to Chad, 2 August,1983.
)[1]( Le Monde, Malentendu " Franco-Américain, 19 août 1983, See also, CIA-RDP88-01070R000200840003-3, Radio TV reports, INC , Subject: Mitterand to explain French aims, 20 August,1983 .
)
[1]( The
New York Times, Mitterand irked by U.S. on Chad; tries to road Qaddafi to negotiate, 17 Aug 1983.
)[1]( Le Monde, Malentendu " Franco-Américain, 19 août 1983 .
)[1]( The New York Times, U.S. officials deny pressure on Paris to go in to Chad, 18 Aug 1983, A.1 .
)[1]( Le Monde, Malentendu " Franco-Américain, 19 août 1983 .
)[1]( CIA-RDP91-00901R000700060048-6, may attack if pushed in Chad , Mitterrand says, Los Angeles Times,26 Aug, 1983.
)[1]( The New York Times,U.S. officials denypressure on Paris to go in to Chad, , 18 Aug 1983, A.1.
)
[1]( The
New York Times, Mitterand irked by U.S. on Chad; tries to road Qaddafi to negotiate, 17 Aug 1983.
)[1] ( Ibid.
)[1]) CIA-RDP88-01070R000200820010-7, ABC World News Tonight , Subject: Chad- Libya-U.S., France, 10 August,1983.
)
[1]( The
New York Times, Mitterand irked by U.S. on Chad; tries to road Qaddafi to negotiate, 17 Aug 1983.
)[1] (The New York Times, U.S. officials deny pressure on Paris to go in to Chad, 18 Aug 1983.
)[1]) The New York Times, U.S. sees Chad as a portent of Qaddafi's ambition, 19 Aug 1983.
)
[1]( The
New York Times, Mitterand irked by U.S. on Chad; tries to road Qaddafi to negotiate, 17 Aug 1983.
)[1]( The New York Times ,U.S. sees Chad as a portent of Qaddafi's ambition, 19 Aug 1983, p.A.6., see also, New York Times ,U.S. officials deny pressure on Paris to go in to Chad, 18 Aug 1983, A.1 ,
)[1]( CIA-RDP88-01070R000200840003-3, Radio TV reports, INC , Subject: Mitterand to explain French aims, 20 August,1983.
)[1] ( CIA-RDP88-01070R000200830004-3, Radio TV reports, INC. , Subject: the situation in Chad,August15, 1983.
)[1]( The New York Times, U.S. officials deny pressure on Paris to go in to Chad, 18 Aug 1983, A.1 ,
)[1]( CIA-RDP88-01070R000200820010-7, ABC World News Tonight , Subject: Chad- Libya-U.S., France, 10 August,1983.
)[1]( John Fobanjong, interventionary alliances in civil conflicts,, Ph.D., the Faculty of the department of political science, The University of Arizona, 1989, p. 141, see also, Ali , S. Amjad, op.cit.,pp.30- 31.
)[1]( CIA-RDP88-01070R000200840003-3, Radio TV reports, INC , Subject: Mitterand to explain French aims, 20 August,1983.
)[1] ( John Fobanjong, interventionary alliances in civil conflicts,, Ph.D., the Faculty of the department of political science, The University of Arizona, 1989, p. 141, see also, Ali , S. Amjad, op.cit.,pp.30- 31.
)[1]( CIA-RDP88-01070R000200840003-3, Radio TV reports, INC , Subject: Mitterand to explain French aims, 20 August,1983.
)[1]) ( Human Rights Watch, enabling a dictator, the United States and Chad's Hissene Habre 1982-1990, op.cit., p.30, see also, Ali , S. Amjad, op.cit.,p31, John Fobanjong, op.cit., p.141.
)[1]( CIA-RDP88-01070R000200840003-3, Radio TV reports, INC , Subject: Mitterand to explain French aims, 20 August,1983.
)[1] ( Le Monde, M. Mitterrand a tenu à s'expliquer par le biais d'une interview à la presse écrite et non à la television, 26 août 1983.
)[1] ) CIA-RDP90-00965R0003008302640046-0, U.S. sees Chad as a portent of Qaddafi’s ambition, 19 August 1983.
)[1]( Human Rights Watch, op.cit., p.33.
)[1]( The New York Times, U.S. is withdrawing aircraft it sent to help Chad,24 Aug 1983,A.9.
)[1]) CIA-RDP91-00901R000700060048-6, may attack if pushed in Chad , Mitterrand says, Los Angeles Times,26 Aug, 1983.
)[1]( Ali , S. Amjad, op.cit.,p.31,32.
)
[1]( The
New York Times , U.S. Sends 2 Awacs to Egypt in Response to Rise in Libyan Activity in North Africa , 20 Mar 1984.
)[1]( Human Rights Watch, enabling a dictator, the United States and Chad's Hissene Habre 1982-1990, op.cit., p.30, see also, Ali , S. Amjad, op.cit.,p.32.
)[1]( John Fobanjong, op.cit., p.141-142.
)[1]( Human Rights Watch, op.cit., p.30, see also, Ali , S. Amjad, op.cit.,p32.
)[1]( John Fobanjong, op. cit., p.141.
)[1]( CIA-RDP86T01017R000808030001-1, Directorate of Intelligence, Subject: Libyan Position and US opportunities in Chad, 24 December,1986.
)[1](The New York Times, most Libyan troops in Chad yet to leave, U.S.aides say, 14 Nov 1984.
)[1]( Fobanjong, John ,Op.Cit. , p.141-142.
([1]) التقرير الإستراتيجي العربي لعام 1986، الصراع الليبي التشادي، ص 139.
)[1] ( CIA-RDP90-00965R000807450001-0, Christian Science Monitor, Qaddafi pursues dual strategy in effort to expand Libya’s influence in Chad, 26 June 1985.
)
[1] ( CIA-RDP90-00965R000807450001-0, Christian Science Monitor, Qaddafi pursues dual strategy in effort to expand Libya’s influence in Chad, 26 June 1985.
([1]) التقرير الإستراتيجي العربي لعام 1986، الصراع الليبي التشادي، مصدر سابق، ص 140.
)[1]( FCO 93_4452, file No. B020-8, Confidential, Relations between Libya-Chad, telegram from M F Daly West African Department to FCO, Subject: Fighting breaks out again, 13 February 1986.
([1]) التقرير الإستراتيجي العربي لعام 1986، الصراع الليبي التشادي، مصدر سابق، ص 140.
)[1]( FCO 93_4452, file No. B020-8, Confidential, Relations between Libya-Chad, Telegram from M F Daly West African Department to FCO, Subject: Fighting continues, 14 February 1986.
)[1]( FCO 93_4452, file No. B020-8, Confidential, Relations between Libya-Chad, Letter from Paris to Priority FCO, Subject: Chad, 20 February 1986.، أنظر أيضًا: التقرير الإستراتيجي العربي لعام 1986، الصراع الليبي التشادي، مصدر سابق، ص 140.
)[1]( FCO 93_4452, file No. B020-8, Confidential, Relations between Libya-Chad, Telegram from Paris to FCO, Subject: Chad, 19 February 1986.
([1]) التقرير الإستراتيجي العربي لعام 1986، الصراع الليبي التشادي، مصدر سابق، ص ص 140- 141.
)[1]( FCO 93_4452, file No. B020-8, Confidential, Relations between Libya-Chad, Letter from Private Office Chad to Private Secretary FCO, 20 February 1986.
([1]) التقرير الإستراتيجي العربي لعام 1986، الصراع الليبي التشادي، مصدر سابق، ص 141.
)[1]( FCO 93_4452, file No. B020-8, Confidential, Relations between Libya-Chad, Letter from Paris to FCO,Subject: Chad, 20 February 1986.
)[1]) FCO 93_4452, file No. B020-8, Confidential, Relations between Libya-Chad, Letter from Paris to Priority FCO, Subject: Chad, 20 February 1986.
([1]) التقرير الإستراتيجي العربي لعام 1986، الصراع الليبي التشادي، مصدر سابق، ص 141.
([1]) المصدر نفسه، ص 141.
)[1]( FCO 93_4452, file No. B020-8, Confidential, Relations between Libya-Chad, Subject, Afrique, le conflit au Tchad, article to FCO.
)[1] ( P.R.O., FCO 93_4452, file No. B020-8, Confidential, Relations between Libya-Chad, Letter from Deputy United Kingdom permanent representative on the North Atlantic Council to FCO,Subject: NAC discussion on Africa South of the Sahara, 26 March 1986.
([1]) التقرير الإستراتيجي العربي لعام 1986، الصراع الليبي التشادي، مصدر سابق، ص 143.
)[1]) CIA-RDP90T00114R000100090001-8, directorate of Intelligence , Secret, 5 March 1987.
)[1]( FCO 93_4452, file No. B020-8, Confidential, Relations between Libya- Chad, letter from Paris to Priority FCO, Subject, Franco- African Summit, 14-15 November 1986. انظر أيضًا، التقرير الإستراتيجي العربي 1986، الصراع الليبي التشادي، مصدر سابق، ص ص 143،144.
)
[1] (The
New York Times, U.S. Weapons begin to reach Chad,23 Dec 1986.
([1]) التقرير الإستراتيجي العربي لعام 1986، الصراع الليبي التشادي، مصدر سابق، ص 143، 144.
)[1]( CIA-RDP90T00114R000100090001-8, directorate of Intelligence , Secret, 5 March 1987.
)[1] (CIA-RDP90T00114R000100090001-8, directorate of Intelligence , Secret, 5 March 1987.
)
[1]( The
New York Times, U.S. Weapons begin to reach Chad,23 Dec 1986.
)
[1]( The
New York Times , Chad's Victory Over Libya Is Also a Victory for the U.S., 14 Apr 1987.
)[1]( The New York Times, U.S. Weapons begin to reach Chad,23 Dec 1986.
)
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