سبوريوس مايليوس Spurius Maeliusوتهمة السعي للملكية والاستبداد (440_ 439 ق.م.)

سبوريوس، السعي للملكية، الاستبداد، لوكيوس، الاغتيال، الاستئناف.

قائمة المصادر والمراجع:

أولاً: المصادر الكلاسيكية (Loeb Classical Library) :

1- Appian. The Civil Wars. L. Mendelssohn. Leipzig. Teubner. 1879.

2- Livius Titus, Ab Urbe Condita, Books I _ II. An English Translation. Ed. Benjamin Oliver Foster Cambridge. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann, Ltd. 1919.

3- Livius Titus, Ab Urbe Condita, Books III _ IV, Trans By.Benjamin Oliver Foster, Cambridge. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press; London,William Heinemann, Ltd. 1922.

4- Livius Titus, Ab Urbe Condita, Book VI, Trans By.Benjamin Oliver Foster, Cambridge. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann, Ltd. 1924.

5- Dio Cassius, Roman History, Earnest Cary. Herbert Baldwin Foster. William Heinemann, Harvard University Press. London; New York. 1914.

6- Diodorus Siculus, Library, Trans by C. H. Oldfather. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann, Ltd. 1989.

7- Dionysius Halicarnassus, Antiquitatum Romanae, In Aedibus B.G. Teubneri. Leipzig, 1885.

8- M. Tullius Cicero. Librorum de Re Publica Sex. C. F. W. Mueller. Leipzig. Teubner. 1889.

9- M. Tullius Cicero. De Officiis. Trans by Walter Miller. Cambridge. Harvard University Press; Cambridge, Mass., London, England. 1913.

10- Plutarch,. Plutarch's Lives. Caesar, Trans by. Bernadotte Perrin. Cambridge, MA. Harvard University Press. London. William Heinemann Ltd. 1919.

11- Plutarch., Plutarch's Lives. Caius Gracchus, Trans by. Bernadotte Perrin. Cambridge, MA. Harvard University Press. London. William Heinemann Ltd,1921.

12- Plutarch. Plutarch's Lives. Pompeius, Translation by. Bernadotte Perrin. Cambridge, MA. Harvard University Press. London. William Heinemann Ltd. 1917.

13- Plutarch., Plutarch's Lives. Publicola, Trans by. Bernadotte Perrin. Cambridge, MA. Harvard University Press. London. William Heinemann Ltd.,1914.

14- Plutarch., Plutarch's Lives. Tiberius Gracchus, Trans by. Bernadotte Perrin. Cambridge, MA. Harvard University Press. London. William Heinemann Ltd. 1921.

15- Polybius, Histories , Trans by Evelyn S. Shuckburgh. London, New York. Macmillan. 1889.

16- Valerius Maximus, Factorvm et Dictorvm Memorabilivm, Libri Novem. Karl Friedrich Kempf. Leipsig. Teubner. 1888.

ثانياً: المراجع الأجنبية:

• _ Arnheim, M.T.W., Aristocracy in Greek Society, Plymouth, Thames and Hudson,1977.
• _ Beesly,A.,H., Epochs of Ancient History, The Gracchi, Marius, and Sulla, With Map, Charles Scribner's Sons , New York,1892.
• _ Botsford,G., The Roman Assemblies: From Their Origin to the End of the Republic, The Macmilian Company, New York, 1909.
• _ Broughton,T.R., The Magistrates of the Roman Republic, Vol.1, The American Philological Asssociation, New York, 1951.
• _ Burck,E., "Livius und Augustus", Lllinois Classical Studies, Vol. 16, No. 1/2 (1991),.
• _ Culhane,P., “Philemon Holland^,s Livy: Peritexts and Contexts”, Translation and Literature, Vol.13,No.2,(2004).
• _ Forsythe, G., A Critical History of Early Rome From Prehistory to the First Punic War, University of California Press, 2005.
• _ Fowler, W, "Gaius Gracchus and The Senate : Note on the Epitome of the Sixtieth Book Of Livy", The Classical Review,V.10,Issue, 6,(1896).
• _ Fox, M.,"Dionysius, Lucian, and The Prejudice Against Rhetoric in History”, Journal of Roman Studies, Vol.91,(2001).
• _ Glinister,F., Kingship and Tyranny in Archaic Rome, Ancient Tyranny, Edinburgh University Press, 2006.
• _ Golding, C., The Oikist Cycle : Oikists, Tyrant, and the Political Devlopment of Magna Graecia.
• _ Gries, K.,“Livy^, s Use of Dramatic Speech”, The American Journal of Philology, Vol.70,No.2, (1949).
• _ Hanses,M., “Summo Genere Gnatus: Aristocratic Bias in Quintus Claudius Quadrigarius”, Rheinisches Museum Fur Philologie,Bd.154. H.2, (2011).
• _ Hill,H., “Dionysius of Halicarnassus and The Origins of Rome”, The Journal of Roma Studies, Vol.51, Part,1and2,(1961).
• _ Jaeger,M.K., “Custodia Fidelis Memoriae: Livy^, s Story of M.Manlius Capitolinus”, Latomus,T.52,Fasc.2,(1993).
• _ Kaplow,L., Creating " Popularis" History : Sp.Cassius , Sp.Maelius, and M. Manlius in the Political Discourse of the Late Republic, Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies, Vol.55, No.,2,(2012).
• _ Kalyvas, A.,“The Tyranny of Dictatorship When The Greek Tyrant Met The Roman Dictator”, Political Theory, Vol.35,No.4,(2007).
• _ Lexicon, A Lexicon Abridge From Lidddel and Scott 's Greek- English Lexicon, New York , Harper & Brothers Publishers Franklin Square, 1879.
• _ Lintott, “The Tradition of Violence in the Annals of the Early Roman Republic”, Historia: Zeitschrift fur Alte Geschichte, Bd.19, H.1,(1970).
• _ Lintott, A., The Constition of the Roman Republic, Oxford University Press, 1999.
• _ Lintott,A., "Political History, 146-95 B.C", Cambridge Ancient History, V. IX .The Last Age of the Roman Republic, 146-43B.C., Cambridge University Press, (2008).
• Lowrie,M., "Spurius Maelius: Dictatorship and the Homo Sacer",Citzens of Discord: Rome and its Civil Wars, (2013).
• _ Lushkov,A.H., “Narrrative and Notice in Livy^, s Fourth Decade: The Case of Scipio Africanus”, Classical Antiquity, Vol.33, No.1,(2014).
• _ Mitchell, R.E., " The Definition of Patres and Plebs: An End to The Struggle of the Orders", Social Struggle in Archaic Rome, New Perspectives on the Conflict of the Orders, Ed., Kurt A.Raaflaud, Blackwell Publishing ,2005.
• _ Mommsen,T., Romische Forschungen, Berlin Weidmannsche Buchhandlung,1879.
• _ Mommsen,T., The History of Rome, Vol.1, Cambridge University Press, 2009.
• _ Neel,J., “Reconsidering The " Affectatores Regni", The Classical Quarterly , New Series,Vol.65, No.1, (2015).
• _ Pausch,D., “Der Aitologische Romulus: Historisches Interesse und Literarische form in Livius^, Darstellung der Kongiszeit”, Hermes, 136, H.1, (2008).
• _ Pauw,D.A., “The Dramatic Elements in Livy^, s History”, Acta Classica, Vol. 34, (1991).
• _ Peter,C., "Dionysius von Halikarnass und Livius", Rheinisches Museum fum Philologie, Vol.29,(1874).
• _ Pinsent,J., “Cincius Fabius and The Otaciliii”, Phoenix, Vol.18, No.1, (1964).
• _ Pocket Oxford Latin Ditionary, Ed., James Morwood, Oxford University Press, 2000.
• _ Polo,F.P. "Die Nutzliche Erinnerung: Geschichtsschreibung " Mos Maiorum" und die Romische Identital" , Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte, Bd. 53, H. 2 , (2004).
• _ Polo,,P.,"The Tyrant Must Die: Preventive Tyrannicide in Roman Political Thought, Republicas Y Ciudadanos : Modelos De Participacion Civica en el Mundo Antiguo", Ed. Francisco Pina Polo, Francisco Marco Simon, Jose Remesal Rodriguez,Barcelona ,(2006).
• _ Richardson,L., A New Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome, The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992.
• _ Rowland, R. J., "Gracchus and the Equites", Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association,V.96, (1965).
• _ Rundell,W.M, "Cicero and Clodius: The Question of Credibility" ,Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte, Bd. 28, H. 3,3rd Qtr., (1979).
• _ Sailor,D., "Dirty Linen Fabrication and The Authorities of Livy and August”, Transactions of the American Philological Association ( 1974-2014), Vol.136, No.2, (2006).
• _ Scholz,U.W., “Annales und Historia(e)” , Hermes, Bd.122, H.1, (1994).
• _ Shutt,R.J.H, "Dionusius of Hailcarnassus", Greece &Rome, Vol.4, No.12,( 1935).
• _ Stephenson,A., Public Land and Agrarian Laws of the Roman Republic, The Johns Hopking Press,1891.
• _ Syme,R., “Livy and Augustus”, Harvard Studies in Classical Philology, Vol. 64,(1959).
• _ Vasaly,A., “The Quinctii in Livy^, s First Pentad: The Rhetoric of Anti- Rhetoric”, The Classical World, Vol.92,No.6,(1999).
• _ Wells,J., A Short History of Rome to the Death of Augustus, London, 1896.

ثالثاً: المراجع العربية والمعربة:

• _ عبد الرحمن الكواكبي، طبائع الاستبداد ومصارع الاستعباد، مؤسسة هنداوي، 2017.
• _ ماوريتسيو فيرولي، الفكر الجمهوري، ترجمة ناصر إسماعيل، هيئة أبو ظبي للثقافة والتراث، 2011.
• _ نيقولو مكياﭬلي ، مطارحات مكياﭬلي ، ترجمة خيري حماد، دار الأفاق الجديدة، بيروت، 1962.
• _ نيقولو مكياﭬلي، الأمير، ترجمة أكرم مؤمن، مكتبة ابن سينا، 2004.