التعليل بـ(الأوَّل) عند سيبويه دراسة أصوليَّة نحويَّة Justification (al-ʿIlla al-Awwal) in Sibawayh's A Jurisprudential-Grammatical Study

نوع المستند : المقالة الأصلية

المؤلف

جامعة الإمام محمد بن سعود الإسلامية

المستخلص

يهدف إلى الوقوف عند مواضع استعمال مصطلح (أوَّل) عِلَّة نحوية عند سيبويه, وبيان ما تؤول إليه أَوَّلِيّته, وبيان العِلَّة النحويّة التي تعادله عند النحويين وهي علَّة الأصل, وعلاقتها الدلاليَّة بالأوَّل.نتائجه: التعليل بـ(أوَّل) عند سيبويه ذو بُعد زماني, أفاد الأسبق في الوضع على ثَانِيه. أمَّا غيره من النحويين فتَردَّد عندهم التعبير بمصطلحي الأول والأصل في المواضع نفسها, كما أنها علّة مطردة في كُل أوَّل, وكشفت الدراسة عن وجود علاقة خُصوص وعُموم بينهما, فالأوّل أخص والأصل أعم. كما تميَّز الأَوَّل بأنه لا يحتاج إلى البيان غالبا, أما ثانيه فيحتاج إلى البيان بعلامات تميِّزه, كاحتياج الفرع إلى ما يميِّزه عن الأصل. وأظهرت الدراسة أن بين الأول وبين الخِفَّة, والتَّمَكُّن علاقة طردية. وأجمع النحويون على علّة الأوّل في أغلب المواضع محل الدراسة إلا موضعين كانت علَّة الأوَّل فيهما مرهونة بالمذهب النحوي هما:  كون الاسم أولا؛ لأنه أصل الاشتقاق عند البصريين, والنكرة الأولى في مذهب سيبويه, أما الكوفيون فمذهبهم يبطله.
This study aims to investigate the contexts in which Sibawayh employs the term "primary grammatical cause(al-Awwal). It seeks to elucidate the implications of its foundational nature and to clarify the equivalent grammatical cause recognized by other grammarians, specifically the "cause of the origin," alongside its semantic connection to the concept of primacy.
Sibawayh’s reasoning for using al-Awwal (“first”) carries a temporal dimension, indicating precedence in origin over its “second.” Other grammarians, however, alternated between using the terms awwal (“first”) and al-aṣl (“the origin”) in the same contexts. This reasoning is consistently applied to every instance of awwal. The study revealed a relationship of specificity and generality between them: awwal is more specific, while al-aṣl is more general. Moreover, al-Awwal is usually self-explanatory and requires no further clarification, whereas its counterpart often needs to be distinguished by specific markers—similar to how a derivative needs something to set it apart from its origin.FindingsThe study also showed a direct correlation between al-Awwal and both “lightness” (khiffa) and “firm establishment” (tamakkun). Grammarians generally agreed on the reasoning behind awwal in most of the cases examined in this study, with the exception of two instances where its reasoning depended on grammatical school: (1) the noun being “first” because it is the source of derivation, according to the Basrians; and (2) the first indefinite noun (nakira al-ulu) in Sibawayh’s view, which the Kufans rejected.

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